Maryland’s diverse habitats—from forests and wetlands to coastlines—make it home to a surprising array of wildlife. Not all local animals are friendly, though. Some can pose real risks to people and pets, whether by venom, sheer power, or aggressive behaviors. Here’s your expert guide to the top 10 most dangerous animals in Maryland, updated with the latest insights for 2025. Stay informed, stay safe, and satisfy your curiosity about the creatures that share your state.
Top 10 Most Dangerous Animals in Maryland
If you’re an animal lover or just an everyday adventurer in Maryland, it’s smart to know which creatures demand respect. Here are the top threats you need to know about:
1. Eastern Copperhead Snake
- Venomous pit viper, found in wooded and rocky areas as well as near water
- Identifiable by tan color and hourglass-shaped bands
- Responsible for most venomous snakebites in the state
- Bites rarely fatal, but cause severe pain, swelling, and tissue damage
Learn more about identifying and handling copperheads here.
2. Timber Rattlesnake
- Large venomous snake, up to 5 feet long
- Camouflaged with tan color and dark brown splotches
- Rare but potent bites, sometimes more dangerous than copperheads
3. Black Widow Spider
- The state’s only native spider dangerous to humans
- Small, shiny, black body with red hourglass mark
- Venom can cause severe pain, muscle cramps, and sweats—rarely fatal with medical care
4. Black Bear
- Largest predator in Maryland, found mainly in western counties
- Not typically aggressive, but dangerous when surprised or protecting cubs
- Can cause serious injury due to size and strength
5. Coyote
- Adaptable predator now common in rural, suburban, and even urban environments
- Threat to small pets and livestock, may attack if food is scarce
- Tends to avoid humans, but bolder behaviors are increasing
6. Wild Boar
- Aggressive and powerful, capable of injuring humans and pets
- Dangerous when cornered or defending young
- Can destroy property and natural habitats
See how to manage wild boar encounters here.
7. Bull Sharks, Sandbar Sharks, and Sand Tiger Sharks
- Occasionally found in Chesapeake Bay and coastal waters
- Bull sharks are especially aggressive and tolerate brackish water
- Human encounters are rare but potentially dangerous
8. Jellyfish (Sea Nettle and Others)
- Common in Chesapeake Bay during summer
- Stings can cause burning, rashes, and allergic reactions
- Dangerous for swimmers, especially those with allergies
9. Ticks
- Small but potent threat—carry Lyme disease and other illnesses
- Peak activity in warm, humid months
- See a doctor if bitten and symptoms appear
10. Domestic Dogs (Certain Breeds and Strays)
- Dog bites outnumber most wild animal incidents
- Large, guard-oriented breeds can cause severe injury if provoked
- Proper training and owner responsibility are key
Read about dog behavior and risk factors here.
Quick Comparison Table: Maryland’s Most Dangerous Animals
| Animal | Main Danger | Typical Habitat | Fatal to Humans? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern Copperhead | Venomous bite | Woods, rocky areas | Rarely |
| Timber Rattlesnake | Venomous bite | Forests, hills | Rarely |
| Black Bear | Physical attack | Forests, mountains | Very rare |
| Coyote | Attacks on pets/humans | Rural/suburban/cities | Extremely rare |
| Black Widow Spider | Venomous bite | Sheds, woodpiles | Very rare |
| Wild Boar | Aggressive charge | Forests, farmland | Rare |
| Sharks | Bite | Coastal waters | Extremely rare |
| Jellyfish | Sting | Bay/coastal | Rare (anaphylaxis) |
| Ticks | Disease transmission | Grass, woods | Can be fatal if untreated |
| Dogs | Bite/attack | Domestic | Rare |
Frequently Asked Questions
Are there venomous snakes in Maryland?
Yes. The most notable are the eastern copperhead and timber rattlesnake. Both have venomous bites, with the timber rattlesnake considered the more potent. Fatalities are rare, but medical care is always needed after a bite.
How common are black bears in Maryland?
Black bears are most common in western Maryland but may enter residential areas in search of food. While not generally aggressive, they can cause harm if threatened or if you get between a mother and her cubs.