Montana’s Only Venomous Snake: The Truth About Rattlesnakes in Big Sky Country
Montana is famous for its wide-open plains, rugged mountains, and diverse wildlife. But when it comes to dangerous animals, many people forget to ask about snakes. Specifically, are there rattlesnakes in Montana? The short answer is yes, but the full story is far more interesting.
Which Rattlesnake Lives in Montana?
Montana is home to just one species of rattlesnake: the prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis). This species is part of the pit viper family and is the only venomous snake confirmed to live in the state. It’s built to thrive in dry, open environments, which makes large parts of Montana ideal habitat.
Where Are Prairie Rattlesnakes Found in Montana?
Prairie rattlesnakes are primarily found in the eastern two-thirds of Montana, but they are also present in some parts of the west. The species prefers:
- Grasslands
- Sagebrush plains
- Rocky outcrops
- Pine foothills
You’re less likely to encounter one in high alpine regions or dense forests. However, warmer months bring them closer to human settlements, especially where food sources like rodents are abundant.
When Are Rattlesnakes Active?
Prairie rattlesnakes hibernate during the cold Montana winters, typically from October through March. As ectotherms, their body temperature is regulated by the environment, so they become active again in the spring.
| Season | Rattlesnake Activity Level | What to Expect |
|---|---|---|
| Spring (April – May) | Increasing | Rattlesnakes emerge from dens and begin hunting |
| Summer (June – August) | Peak | Most active during early morning and late afternoon |
| Fall (September – Early October) | Decreasing | Seeking dens for brumation |
| Winter (Late October – March) | Dormant | Hibernating in communal dens, sometimes with other species |
Are Rattlesnakes in Montana Dangerous?
Like all wild animals, prairie rattlesnakes should be respected and left alone. They are not aggressive by nature and will usually try to avoid confrontation. Bites typically happen when people unknowingly step too close or attempt to handle the snake.
Their venom is hemotoxic, meaning it affects blood and tissue, but fatalities are rare. Thanks to modern antivenom and prompt medical care, recovery is the norm for the few who are bitten each year. According to Montana’s Department of Public Health and Human Services, snakebites are extremely rare, with fewer than 5 serious incidents annually.
Snake Safety Tips for Hikers and Ranchers
- Watch where you step, especially near rocks or tall grass.
- Don’t reach into dark crevices or under logs.
- Wear high boots and long pants when hiking in rattlesnake country.
- Always give a rattlesnake space; they’ll often rattle as a warning first.
- If you hear that unmistakable buzz, freeze and locate the snake before moving slowly away.
Ecological Role: Why Montana Needs Rattlesnakes
Though misunderstood, prairie rattlesnakes play a vital role in Montana’s ecosystems. They help control rodent populations, which is beneficial for both agriculture and disease prevention. In turn, they’re prey for hawks, owls, and coyotes. Removing them would throw local food webs out of balance.
Additionally, snake venom has gained scientific attention for its medical potential in treating blood pressure and clotting disorders. So yes, even snakes have their silver linings.
Can You Legally Kill Rattlesnakes in Montana?
Montana does not protect prairie rattlesnakes under state conservation laws. While it is legal to kill them, wildlife agencies advise against doing so unless there’s an immediate threat. Relocation or deterrent strategies are more ethical approaches that preserve the ecological balance.
The Human Factor: Science Meets Myth
Folklore and fear often cloud judgment when it comes to snakes. In reality, prairie rattlesnakes are a natural part of Montana’s landscapes, and with a bit of awareness, peaceful coexistence is entirely possible. Education, not eradication, is the key.
Real Encounters: What Locals Are Saying
Many Montanans who’ve lived near snake habitats for decades report only a handful of sightings. Ranchers tend to be the most prepared, often training dogs to avoid snakes or using snake-proof fencing. Hikers, especially near river valleys and badlands, are often more surprised but largely unharmed.
Extra Insight: Do Rattlesnakes Swim?
Interestingly, prairie rattlesnakes can swim if necessary, using a serpentine motion. It’s rare but not unheard of to see them crossing shallow streams or irrigation ditches.
Got Questions? You’re Not Alone
Are there other venomous snakes in Montana?
No. The prairie rattlesnake is the only venomous snake species found in the state.
What should I do if bitten by a rattlesnake?
Stay calm, immobilize the affected limb, and seek immediate medical attention. Do not try to suck out the venom or apply a tourniquet.
How can I keep rattlesnakes off my property?
Keep yards clear of tall grass, remove debris where snakes could hide, and install snake-proof fencing if you’re in a high-risk area.
Can you eat rattlesnake meat?
Yes, the meat is edible and considered a delicacy in some areas. It must be properly cleaned, cooked, and prepared.
Are baby prairie rattlesnakes more dangerous?
Contrary to popular belief, juvenile snakes aren’t more venomous, but they may inject more venom because they haven’t learned to control it. The result can be medically significant.